In this video tutorial of Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA), I have explained the difference between IP Address and MAC address. IP Address Explained with Examples :
IP address stands for Internet Protocol Address. This is the address that is provided to a connection in a network. For example, if there are PCs, servers and Laptops in a network they must have a unique IP address to communicate with each other. So, the address is unique to every device on a network.
IP address does not uniquely identify a device or a particular hardware component such as NIC card of that device but, it specifies a particular connection in a network. Your IP address will get changed each time you connect to the network as it is dynamically allocated to your device when it participates in the network. So, it’s also called the logical address.
IP Address is available in two versions till date i.e. IP version 4 or the IPv4 and IP version 6, IPv6. In this video, we will learn about the IPv4. Whatever versions of IP, it is provided by Network Administrator or the Internet Service Provider (ISP). It is in 32-bit binary form. Example:- 192.168.1.100. IPv4 is constructed with 4 blocks, each block containing 8-bit or 1 byte. The number range is between 0 to 255. But, the numbers between 1 to 223 only can be assigned to hosts. Let’s see it practically. Press windows + R key in your keyboard, type ncpa.cpl. Right click on any of the network adapters. For example, I right click on Ethernet Adapter and double click on Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4). Click on Use the following IP address and start assigning an IP address from 0 and hit tab key. As you can see, the error pops up. The error reads 0 is not a valid entry. Please specify a value between 1 and 223. I click on Ok and assign any number bigger than 255, it pops up the same error.
IPv4 number range 0 to 255 is divided into 5 classes, i.e. class A, B, C, D & E. We will deep dive into the numbers and everything in detail about IPv4 in future videos.
If your computer or Laptop is connected to network or the internet, it must have got an IP address. To see what IP address, it has got, you can see it through various ways. But the easiest way is by using command prompt in Windows and by using a bash terminal in Linux.
In your windows computer, press windows + R key and type cmd to open command prompt. On the command prompt, fire up the command, ipconfig and hit enter.
Find the network adapter or the network interface that’s connecting to you to the network, for example my Wireless LAN adapter is connecting me to the network, and here we can see the IPv4 address, subnet mask and Default Gateway. We will learn about subnet mask, default gateway and other related things to IP address in detail in future videos.
Now, I am going to show you how to see IP address in Linux and Macintosh computers. I am here in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. I open the bash terminal and fireup the command ifconfig. We can see the IP address of this linux machine. The way is the same for MacOS as well.
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